Which type of table is characterized by containing factual data?

The correct choice is defined as a Fact Table, which serves a vital role in a data warehouse schema, particularly in dimensional modeling. A Fact Table is specifically designed to store quantitative data for analysis and is often characterized by containing measurable, numerical values that pertain to business events or transactions. These measurable elements can include sales amounts, quantities sold, or other metrics that reflect performance across various dimensions.

In a typical star or snowflake schema, the Fact Table sits at the center, while Dimensional Tables, which provide context or descriptive attributes related to the facts, surround it. This structure allows for efficient querying and reporting of data, facilitating insights into business operations.

Other types of tables mentioned may serve different functions. Dimensional Tables provide the descriptive context necessary for analyzing the measures stored in Fact Tables; Reference Tables typically store fixed data that does not change frequently, such as lookup values; and Transaction Tables may log specific transactions but are often not structured in the same ways or designed solely for analytical measures. Therefore, the emphasis of the Question on factual data points directly to the role of the Fact Table in a data warehousing context.