Which layer includes the creation of common metrics and summaries used widely in organizations?

The integration layer is crucial in a data architecture as it focuses on consolidating information from various sources into a coherent system. During this process, common metrics and summaries are created to provide insights that can be widely utilized across different functions within an organization. These metrics often serve as key performance indicators (KPIs) and are vital for decision-making and strategic planning.

In this layer, data from heterogeneous sources is transformed through processes that include cleaning, aggregating, and enriching. This ensures that when the summaries and metrics are generated, they reflect an accurate and comprehensive view of the organization's data. This structured approach allows diverse departments to rely on standardized metrics for reporting and analysis, facilitating better communication and alignment across teams.

Other layers such as access, landing, and standardization focus on different aspects of data management. The access layer is more concerned with how end-users retrieve and interact with the data, the landing layer deals with how data is originally stored and organized as it arrives in the system, and the standardization layer addresses consistency and formatting of data. While all are important to the overall data architecture, it is the integration layer that specifically emphasizes creating the common metrics and summaries essential for organizational use.