What describes the logical structure of data without detailing how it is stored?

The logical data model is a conceptual framework that outlines the structure of data elements and their relationships, focusing on what the data represents without hindering the discussion with technical specifications regarding how the data is stored physically. This model emphasizes data types, constraints, relationships, and hierarchies, making it an essential tool for understanding the data’s meaning and organization.

In contrast, the physical data model provides details about the physical storage of data, including file structures and data access paths. A relative data model is not a standard term commonly used in data modeling contexts; rather, it might refer to specific implementations that don't encompass the concept of logical modeling. The operational data model typically centers around the specifics of operational systems and processes, rather than abstract data relationships.

Thus, the logical data model accurately captures the abstract view of the data, making it the correct choice for describing the logical structure of data without detailing its storage.